Fluid Dynamics

Navier-Stokes Equation

\rho [kg/m^3] : fluid density

\mu  [Pa\cdot s] : dynamic viscosity

\nu [N/\rho=m^2/s] : kinematic viscosity

\vec{V}=(u,v,w) [m/s] : velocity

\forall : volume

Conservation of mass

  1. For a system:

        \[ \frac{d}{dt}M_{SYS}=0 \]

  2. For a C.V. (Reynolds transport theorem):\]

    \[\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\int_{CV}{\rho d\forall}+\int_{CS}{\rho \vec{V}\cdot \hat{n} dA}=0 \]

Differential form (\delta x\delta y\delta z):

    \[ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\int_{CV}{\rho d\forall}=\frac{\rho}{\partial t} \delta x\delta y\delta z \]

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LiDAR: Autonomous Car

LiDAR implementation in self-driving cars

LiDAR (Light Imaging, Direction And Ranging) is a method that measures the distance to a target by illuminating the target with pulsed laser light and measuring the reflected pulses with a sensor. Autonomous cars take advantage of this new technology.

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Chemistry Studio 2019 ©

Molecular Chemistry Simulator & Editor

This application allows you to create molecules with bonds between atoms. There is no need a further background in chemistry, it has an intuitive user interface and only a few instructions of use:

  • New: This creates a new molecule.
  • Add: adds new atom to the atom selected.
  • Atom Type: enable you to select atoms in a wide variety of them.
  • Delete: deletes the molecule.

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Self Driving Car in Unreal Engine 4

Autonomous car: learning and testing process.

Description

Pages: 25

Author: Daniel López Montero

Abstract

AI is a new field that appeared a few decades ago and has seen unprecedented growth. The AI approach has been used in numerous fields, such as finance, medicine, music, customer service, and transportation. Some of the big challenges we have to cope with are the computing power and lack of documentation. Big companies such as Google and Apple do not share advances in this field, the secretism characterizes this scientific field and thus the information we can get is very restrictive. In this work, we introduce a model of an autonomous car and then examine different algorithms capable of driving the car in a simulated. We also discuss the difficulties we need to deal with such as local minimums, losing diversity, fitness functions, localization, performance, and future applications.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence, neural network, genetic algorithm, backpropagation, self-driving car.

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Space Elevator

Space Elevator theory and calculations

A space elevator is a proposed type of planet-to-space transportation system. The main component would be a cable (also called a tether) anchored to the surface and extending into space. The design would permit vehicles to travel along the cable from a planetary surface, such as the Earth’s, directly into space or orbit, without the use of large rockets. An Earth-based space elevator would consist of a cable with one end attached to the surface near the equator and the other end in space beyond geostationary orbit (35,786 km altitude). The competing forces of gravity, which is stronger at the lower end, and the outward/upward centrifugal force, which is stronger at the upper end, would result in the cable being held up, under tension, and stationary over a single position on Earth. With the tether deployed, climbers could repeatedly climb the tether to space by mechanical means, releasing their cargo to orbit. Climbers could also descend the tether to return cargo to the surface from orbit.

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